filename,copyright,inscription_siglum,provenance,editio_princeps,field_collector,reference_sigla,short_citations,transliteration,translation,commentary,commentary_author,site,ociana_link
HDNS_2.png,R. Harahsheh,HDNS 2,"",Harahsheh 2022,R. Harahsheh,"SafDict, , , Hava, HDNS",Al-Jallad & Jaworska 2019; Al-Jallad 2014c; Al-Jallad 2016; Hava 1982; Harahsheh 2022,l ʾẓ bn rs¹l w tẓr h- s¹my b- ḏnb ḏkr f rwḥ h yṯʿ w flṭ mn- grb h- s¹nt w ---- l- ḏ ṣhy,"By ʾẓ son of Rs¹l and he awaited the rains at the tail end of Aries so [grant] relief, O Yṯʿ, and [grant] deliverance from drought this year and ---- to the one who thirsts","<p><strong><em>b-ḏnb ḏkr</em></strong>: Authors frequently reference specific temporal periods when anticipating rain during a drought. The term <em>ḏkr </em>can signify the constellation Aries or the month corresponding to it (Al-Jallad 2014, 2016). Here, the use of <em>ḏnb</em>&mdash;literally ""the tail""&mdash;could be a direct reference to the constellation's physical shape. This could refer to a period corresponding to its ""tail"" portion rising or setting or, alternatively, it could be a metaphorical temporal term for the final period of Aries, similar to&nbsp;<em>ks&sup1;ʾ</em>.</p>
<p><em><strong>grb</strong>: </em>This term, often found in curses against those who would efface an inscription, typically refers to a bodily affliction (SafDict, 73). However, in this specific context, a meteorological interpretation is more fitting. It may be related to the Classical Arabic term <em>ǧarbāʾu</em>, which means ""dry"" when applied to land (Hava, 80). Another possibility is a connection to the verb <em>ǧarraba </em>(""to try, test""), which would produce a reading such as ""O Yṯʿ, deliver from trials this year.""</p>
<p><em><strong>l-ḏ ṣhy</strong>: </em>The word <em>ṣhy </em>has been previously attested only as an abstract noun meaning 'thirst' or 'drought' (SafDict, 129), but here it must be understood as a suffix-conjugated verb. The photograph is out of focus before this section, making it impossible to produce a reading, though context suggests it contained some kind of benediction.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>",Ahmad Al-Jallad and Fahad Alsharif,"Wādī ʾumm ḫunayṣir, Al-Mafraq Governorate, Jordan",https://ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions/45840
