BES20 1401

Text Information

Siglum
BES20 1401
Transliteration
l y{h}{n}{ʾ}{l} {b}[n] {w}ny bn {y}ld bn ḫrṣ bn tm w ṣyḥ h lt ʾ{l}t ḥmy
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Translation
By {Yhnʾl} {son of} {Wny} son of {Y}ld son of Ḫrṣ son of Tm and he called out: O Lt, goddess of protection!
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Language and Script
Safaitic 2

Interpretation

Commentary

ʾltThis is the unmarked term for a female superbeing, likely vocalized as ʾelat, the feminine of ʾel, 'goddess'. The term is attested frequently before toponyms, for example, ʾlt ʾss 'goddess of Usays' in C 101. See also SafDict, 44. While the masculine counterpart attests the stem expander h, ʾlh, the feminine substantive in Safaitic retains the original biradical stem to which the feminine ending t is directly added.

ḥmy: There is a stray mark following the y but it is too short to be read as an n. While Ḥmy is a common personal name, understanding it as such in the present context is difficult. This line of thinking would lead to the interpretation of ʾlt as 'scarcity,' forming a curse, but then one would expect a dative preposition before ḥmy. It seems better to understand the word as an abstract noun meaning 'protection', providing a new epithet of Allāt, 'goddess of protection.' This type of epithet can be compared to the construction nhy ʾlh ṯʿt 'Nuhay, god of salvation' in HU 789 e.

Ahmad Al-Jallad

Editio Princeps
OCIANA
Field Collector
BES20 team

Name Distinguished
First name in larger letters
Technique
Incised
Direction of Script
Boustrophedon

Associated Signs
cartouche
Associated Inscriptions

  • [SafDict] Al-Jallad, A. & Jaworska, K. A Dictionary of the Safaitic Inscriptions. Leiden: Brill, 2019
  • [BES20] Inscriptions recorded during the Badia Epigraphic Survey 2020 and published here
Site
Wādī Mismā al-Sharqī, Al-Mafraq Governorate, Jordan
Date Found
2020
Subjects
Genealogy, Prayer
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Updated 23 Jul, 2025 by Ahmad Al-Jallad

Cite this Site

Al-Jallad, Ahmad. 'BES20 1401.' OCIANA. 23 Jul, 2025. https://ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions/45332. Accessed: 10 Sep, 2025.