KMC 28

Text Information

Siglum
KMC 28
Transliteration
z l- mʿl mḥmd lbd w nm
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Translation
That which is for the exalted praised one a hairy camel and a cow
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Language and Script
Dhofari 1a

Interpretation

Apparatus Criticus

Al-Shaḥrī and King (1993) omitted the final six glyphs from their tracing.

Commentary

z: The relative pronoun, etymological *ḏV:. It is also possible to understand it as a demonstrative.

l-: The dative preposition, cognate with Arabic li- 'to, for'.

mʿlThe epithet 'exalted', applied previously to Shams, the divine sun, in KMC 66.

mḥmdAnother divine epithet, 'the praised one'. This would seem to have the same referent as mʿl. It is possible that the intended deity here is Shams. The use of mḥmd as a divine epithet is previously attested in Late Sabaic, Ja 1028

lbdThese final two terms must refer to the drawing of the two animals that accompany the inscription. Thus, lbd should be construed as a noun referring to the quality of one of the beasts. The root lbd gives rise to several adjectives that are applied to camels in Arabic and other animals, usually dealing with hair (Lane, 2646). The translation 'hairy' camel is provisional.

nm: The final term likely refers to the cow and may be related to Arabic ʾanām, a term that refers to all creatures subject to sleep (Lane, 118b). There is evidence for the loss of the initial glottal stop in Dhofari (DJJ 1), and so we may be dealing with a singular form of the collective noun attested in Arabic.

Should this interpretation prove correct, it would imply the phenomenon of offering drawings or rock art to deities, a custom also seen in Safaitic (Al-Jallad 2022a: 49-52).

Ahmad Al-Jallad

Editio Princeps
Al-Shaḥrī and King 1993
Field Collector
G.M.H. King and A.A.M. Al-Shaḥrī

Technique
Painted
Direction of Script
Vertical column

Associated Drawings
a camel and a cow

  • Al-Jallad, A. The religion and rituals of the nomads of pre-Islamic Arabia: A reconstruction based on the Safaitic inscriptions. (Ancient Languages and Civilizations, 1). Leiden: Brill, 2022a.
  • Al-Jallad, A. The Decipherment of the Dhofari Script: Three halḥam abecedaries and the first glimpses into the corpus. Jaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux (JEOL) 49, 2025d.
  • Al-Shaḥrī, A.A.M. & King, G.M.H. The Dhofar Epigraphic Project. A Description of the Inscriptions recorded in 1991 and 1992. [Unpublished but available on http://www.ancientarabia.co.uk/ under "Projects"/"Dhofar epigraphic project".] 1993.
  • [Lane] Lane, E.W. An Arabic-English Lexicon, Derived from the Best and Most Copious Eastern Sources. (Volume 1 in 8 parts [all published]). London: Williams & Norgate, 1863-1893.
Site
Area C - Between the Thamrayt and Wadi Arzat roads, Dhofar Governorate, Oman
Date Found
1991-1992
Current Location
In situ
Subjects
Deity, Drawing, Query (subject uncertain), Religion
Download Images
Updated 24 Jul, 2025 by Ahmad Al-Jallad

Cite this Site

Al-Jallad, Ahmad. 'KMC 28 .' OCIANA. 24 Jul, 2025. https://ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions/45804. Accessed: 10 Aug, 2025.