KMD 18-20

Text Information

Siglum
KMD 18-20
Transliteration
ʾb s²m
{ʾ}n s²m
ʿqr w lt bn {s²}{m}
kwr rm
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Translation
Father of S²m
{I am} S²m
ʿqr and Lt sons of S²m
love Rm
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Language and Script
Dhofari 1a

Interpretation

Commentary

This is a unique text that records three generations of a family showing devotion to a deity called Rm 'high, exalted', who is rather well attested in Script 2 (Al-Jallad 2025e). The columns would seem to have been written by a man called S²m, mentioning his father and sons.

ʾb: Likely ʾabū 'father', attested previously in Dhofari 1a. It is possible that ʾbs²m should be construed as a single name, but the following columns suggest rather that it is a phrase. 

s²m: This name is previously attested in ANA.

ʾnThe 1st person singular independent pronoun, previously attested in Dhofari KMJ 41-43.

ʿqrThis personal name is attested previously in Safaitic. If it is a local name, it would seem to derive from the Mehri root ʿqr 'to be big' (Johnstone 1987: 20).

ltThis name is attested only three times in Safaitic and probably derives from the verb latta 'to pound'

bn: The dual or plural of the singular br 'son', attested previously in DhSh 3 and 4.3. The n is comparatively shorter than that of ʾn, but it is still a dash rather than a dot, ruling out the r reading. The reason for this seems to a rough patch on the rock beneath this section, which forced the author to compress his letters. This also affects the shape of the following s².

kwr: This appears to be cognate with the Mehri verb kīwer 'to love, like' (Johnstone 1987: 218) and is likely a plural form.

rmLikely a divine epithet, rām 'high', 'exalted', compare with Aramaic rām ‘high’, ‘tall.’ The divine name appears in Script 2 inscriptions rather frequently, e.g. KMHH 29, KMHH 30c, etc. 

Ahmad Al-Jallad

Editio Princeps
Al-Shaḥrī and King 1993
Field Collector
G.M.H. King and A.A.M. Al-Shaḥrī

Special Letter Forms
k and
Technique
Painted
Direction of Script
Vertical columns right to left

  • Al-Jallad, A. The Decipherment of the Dhofari Script: Three halḥam abecedaries and the first glimpses into the corpus. Jaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux (JEOL) 49, 2025d.
  • Al-Jallad, A. Preliminary Notes on Script 2 of the Dhofari Epigraphic Complex: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17276961.
  • Al-Shaḥrī, A.A.M. & King, G.M.H. The Dhofar Epigraphic Project. A Description of the Inscriptions recorded in 1991 and 1992. [Unpublished but available on http://www.ancientarabia.co.uk/ under "Projects"/"Dhofar epigraphic project".] 1993.
  • Johnstone, T.M. Mehri Lexicon and English-Mehri Word-List. With a list of the English definitions in the /Jibbāali Lexicon/ compiled by G.R. Smith. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1987.
  • [Lane] Lane, E.W. An Arabic-English Lexicon, Derived from the Best and Most Copious Eastern Sources. (Volume 1 in 8 parts [all published]). London: Williams & Norgate, 1863-1893.
Site
Area D - Between the Wadi Arzat and Medinat al-Ḥaq roads, Dhofar Governorate, Oman
Date Found
1991-1992
Current Location
In situ
Subjects
Genealogy, Name only
Download Image
Updated 12 Oct, 2025 by Ahmad Al-Jallad

Cite this Site

Al-Jallad, Ahmad. 'KMD 18-20.' OCIANA. 12 Oct, 2025. https://ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions/45864. Accessed: 13 Oct, 2025.