GBW 4
Text Information
- Siglum
- GBW 4
- Transliteration
-
l zbd bn ġṯ ḏ ʾl ʾty w rʿy ḏ ʾnhk f wgd nhy
Al-Ghul 2021
- Translation
-
By Zbd son of Ġṯ of the lineage of ’ty and this ʾnhk pastured and thus he found a pool
Al-Ghul 2021
- Language and Script
- Safaitic 3
Interpretation
- Commentary
-
The syntax of rʿy ḏ ʾnhk is unexpected as it requires both a shift in subject and the use of a demonstrative without any specific referent. It is possible that ḏ should be understood as 'property', similar to Classical Arabic ḏū (lit. that of), referring here to livestock. As Al-Ghul (2021) has suggested, ʾnhk may be the author of GBW 1.
Ahmad Al-Jallad
- Editio Princeps
- Al-Ghul 2021
- Field Collector
- Gary Rollefson, Yorke Rowan, Alexander Wasse
- Technique
- Incised
- Direction of Script
- Boustrophedon
- Associated Inscriptions
- [GBW] Al-Ghul, O. Water installations and transhumance in four new Safaitic inscriptions from Birak al-Wisād. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 32, 2021: 354-361.
- Site
- Birak al-Wisād, Al-Zarqāʾ Governorate, Jordan
- Date Found
- 2011
- Current Location
- In situ
- Subjects
- Genealogy, Lineage (ancestor), Pasturing, Watering
- Download Images
Updated
13 Oct, 2025
by
Ahmad Al-Jallad
Cite this Site
2021, Al-Ghul and Ahmad Al-Jallad. 'GBW 4.' OCIANA. 13 Oct, 2025. https://ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions/45868. Accessed: 19 Jan, 2026.